Road-building machine.



I. W. KINCAID.,

ROAD BUILDING MACHINE*y APPLICATION FILED IUNE2GVI9I6.

entcd Oct. SII,Y 1917-.

h. Wk n NJW Se* L 5 R W. KINCMD.

ROAD BUILDING MACHINE. APPLlc/(Tlou mw luuzzs ms.

' Patented ont'. 30,

(lum/nun" J. W. KINCAID.

ROAD BUILDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION mso JUNE 215.19m.

Iutemea om. 30,1917.

4 SHEETS-'SHEET 3 v. w, KlNcAm. RUAD BUILDQNG MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED )FINE 2li.` l9l6.

Patenten ocu 30,1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Joni? WQ KINCAID, or MOUNT 051mm., omo.

ROAD'BUILDING MAOHNE.

Application filed June 2G, 1916.

Toall 'whom it may concern.'

,Be it known that I, JOHN W. KINGAID, citizen of the United States of America, and resident of Mount (larmel, in the county oi -Clermont and Stute of Ohio, have invented a. new and useful Improvement in Rond- Bnildng Machines of which the following *thereby causing the routing, spreading and crowning elements of themachine to rout, spread and crown the road material evenly for-the'` rolling operation.

T hese sind other objects are attained in A'the machinejdescribcdin the following speer fication and illustrated in the accompanying drawings iii-which Figure 1 is a side elevation-l f the machine, certain parte being shown Vin dotted outlines for convenience of illustration. e

Fig'. Z'is a. front elevation of the machine shown in Fig. 1, the parts shown in dotted outlinein Fig. 1 being likewise shown in f ig. 3 is a transverse sectionalview teken on line-f of Fig. 1.

ig... 4. is a fragmental transverse sectional view taken on the line 1 -l1 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a sectional fragmental'plan view t'aknin theliline 5-5 of Fig; l.

6y is ai transveise sectional view taken .tionfofthe rear roller 'and steering mechanism therefor.

VFigeS' iszntransverse sectionalview taken on theline: 8-8`of Fig. 1.

Fig; this a-plan -view of the manual steering 'control-*and* steeringv roller locking mechnnism.'V l i Figs; 10, V11 sind` 12 `aretransverse sectionalviewsvl of the steering roller control valve-5V.,

--The'oa'd building ula-chine embodyingmy Bpecliication of Letters Patent.

Patented oet. 3o, 1917.

semi No. 105,515.

invention consists of a. surface plowin. or routingmechanism 13, n material spree ing or distributing mechanism 14, a crowning mechanism 15, and a rolling mechanism 16, suitable mechenism such as en engine 1 7 being employed. foi`- ropelling the machine'. In the preferred' em i tion I construct a machine having I.1 .loco'x'notive type ci boiler 18 with a cab `19 and coal bunker .20 constructed therewith. Within' the cab of the machine suitable mechanism for controlling the operation of the propeiling,r engine and the mechanism 21 employed for controlling the steering roller, is located. At the front of the machine suit able mechanism for controlling the operation of thc routing, distributing and crown-- ingr mechanisms, is located. The njiechanisms consisting of the routing, distributing, crowning and rolling .mechanisms and `the means for operating them, together with the boiler, the cab and the bunkerare mounted 4upon a chassis or frame 'Work 23 consisting of longitudinal top channel ihonV side 'members 9.1 andbottom longitudinalr'side.

channel iron members'Q connected at yintervals between their ends by bars '26 and transversely at their ends lay-similar frame members.

The routing mechanism which is adapted to rout or plow the road surfaceconsists of a series of plons or routers Qco'nnected with bars 9S at their upper ends and reciprd cally mounted in guides 29 at tl'reir lower. ends and in guidesv 30 at their upper ends, rollers 31 and 32 mountejdon .transversely extending shafts and 3 4 passing through the projecting ends of the guides 29 :and 30,24

being provided to permit of'esisy reciproem.`

diment of my invention of the routing points 27 so tlnatgthey.--j: may be raised' or lowered with relwtion .tol- L' the surface. to be routed. The mechanism'y employed for raising and lowering' thesey 160 ing rit'chets thereon adapted to engage :racks 36,"n-nd securedv to pivotally mounted shafts: 37 mounted in shortlongitudinally'eXtendin-g'' frame members 38. the Shafts 37 haring forr-V Wardly extending arms 39 secured thereto routing tools consists 4of hand. levers-'315- hairs and adopted to be operated by the hand levers. The forwar rends of-.the arms 39 Y are slotted to Beginn/of the passage there through of bs L10 'passing through the barsj- 4' 28 ofthe routers 27.- It will be seenby rel" ferring to Figs. 2 and :5V that Vthe rol-lti'ngtools are connected togetherjinajseries of lfour each so as to roduce two series of tools each series of w ich is controlled b a lever -35 located on each side of the bo' er. By means of these hand levers the routers 'are located in position, forward movement of the; levers lowering 'the routers, while bacvard movement raises the routers. In

means ofpiping 46 to an air reservoir 47, the

air supply of which is maintained h an ordinary air pump 48. One of each o the cylinders 41 and valves 45 is located on each side of the machine as disclosed in Fig. 2, 1n a position adjacent to the hand levers 35 so as to permit the operator stationed' at these points, to control the operation of the routers either manually or by power. When the ower means of control 1s employed, the ratc ets of the hand levers are released so as -to permit of operation of the routers by the pneumatic control means.

' Located immediately back of the routers and followin them up in operation, is located the distributing mechanism. This mechanism consists of a series of plates 49 .having shovel-like formation and pivotally mounted on shafts 50 securedy at their ends' by means of bolts 51 to transversely extending bars 52 forming members of the chassis or frame 23 of the machine. are provided at intervals 'with apertures 53 adapted to receive the bolts 51 of the shafts 50, so that the angular vpositions of the plates 49 may be adjusted. Extending rearwardly from each plate 'is an arln 54, the arms of the two plates on each side of the machine being connected by bars 55, the bars inturn being connected by means of links 56 with arms '57 secured to transversely extending shafts 58 rotatively mounted in the longitudinally extending frame members 38.- ecuredv to these shafts 58 are hand -levers 59 having ratchets adapted to engage racks 60 in the. same manner that the Ilevers 35 engage .the racks 36, the levers'59 being in all respects similar 'to the levers 35. The purpose of these hand levers 59 is to control the positions of the plates 49 for greater or lessshoveling effect and to bring them toward or from the road surface. Only manual means are provided for controlling these distributing lates, the plates not being of sufficient Welg t to warrant the application thereto of power controlling .meansl As' in the routing mechanism, the levers 59 are so arranged that one of them is located o n each side of the These bars -site side' are also located to distribute the material toward the center of the machine.- In addition to this the distributers may be so adjusted as to distribute the material in opposite directions, that is, from the center toward each side of the machine.

Located immediately back of the distributng mechanism and adapted to smooth and crown the material distributed by the distributing mechanism, is the crowning mechanism 15. This mechanism consists of two plates 6l, see Fig. 3, cach plate taking in substantially half the width of the machine, the plates being locatedv in a straight line directly transversely of the machine s0 as to act as levelers, removing any unevenness of material left by 'the distribting plates. These crowning plates 61 have their lower sdges curved asdisclosed AinfIfig. 3, the curvature of the-two plates coperating to produce a continued curve;

thereof. The plates 61 are preferably of heavy construction so that they will not be affected by the material to be smoothed and crowned, thery assuring "of smooth spreading aniflfwning ofthe loosened material preparatory to its being rolled.. I have provided means for controllin raising and loweri g operations conslsting of a manually op ated Adevice. similar to that employed for raising and lowering the routing tools 27 as .previously described Thismeehanism consists of hand levers 63 provided' with ratchet mechanismadapted shafts 65 mounted in brackets 66'also .se-

tending 'forwardly from the 'levers 63ers.-

Immediately following these three inech;

anisms, viz., the Irouting,*distributing and crowning mechanisms, is located the ro1lin'g mechanism. ThisV mechanism comprlses a pair of rollers 70 journaled in bearings 71' mounted on the framework of the machine 'I between the rollers as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. These rollers are 'inde p a ndeut Q. Q

-and located on each side, u space being left 11e-en iso l views above referred to.

otherl and have secured to their inner faces sprockets 72 over which pass chains 73 driven from a sprocket 74 mounted on a crank shaft 75 join-rialed in bearings 76 mounted on the lower channel iron frame members 25 ol? the trame 23. Flach set of sprockets and chains is driven by a separateai'ld distinct engine, the location of the engine for driving' each roller being shown somewhat lagrramrnatically by means ot dotted lines in Fig. fl, :'nljaeent to each 'side of the frame. The. purpose of this separate driving means tor each roller is to permit of the differential action of the rollers With relation te one :mother when the machine. is rounding curves in the road. Located at the rear of the machine and centrally thereof is the steering roller 77. see Fig. (l, this roller being of such a. Width as to roll the material left by the space hetiveen the rollers 70, with snllieient ove'rlal'iping ot the rollers to pern'iit ot sn'niothing the entire rolled sui'- iace and oil preventing; ridftfesI beingY formed therein. rthis roller 77 is mounted upon a turn table or bolster T8 at the rear of the marhine so as to peimit it to rotate thereon and to steer the marhinc duringv the opera.- lion thereof. ln order to mount the roller upon the holster a substal'itially semrcylixr drical plate Tt) is located over the roller, see Fig'. 7. with arms S0 extendingr therefrom and located radially with reference to the axis ot the. roller. The bearing S1 connects these arms so that the roller is journaled at each end of the semi-circular frame thus formed. The loiver member of the .bolster is located on this frame and the upper memlier ot' lthe bolster is secured to the chassis or frame of the machine. Suitable mechanism .is provided tor ront-rolling the steering posi-v tions of this roller beth manually and power controlled devices being' cuibodicd therein, This steering; mechanism `will be hereinafter' more tullv described. It will be seen hy rel creare to Vies. i?, 8, fl, '7 and inclusive, that the contour ot' the rollers with relation to one another is such that the crown established by the crowning,r plates 61 is taken care oi: the rollers 'T0 being forme-d to present tlm-appearance of truncated cones with the smaller ends thereof facing one another, and the roller 7T being formed to carry out the ("iurved 'formation between the rollers 70, this roller 77 being ot'substantally the shape of an hour glass. By this formation. thecooperation between thel rollers and 77 is such that the rolled portion of the read will be crowned as disclosed in the end Located adjacent to the rollers 707 adapted to engage their surfaces, and mounted on shaft 82 molinted in hearings secured to the vertically disposed frame members 2G located at the front of the machine,.a.re plates 83 having their edges of a shape adapted to engage the faces of the rollers. These plates are so connected by means of a link 84 that movement of the forward plates toward the roller surfaces will also bring,r the cooperating" plates in engagement with the roller surfaces. The 70 purpose ot these plates is to provide means tor removing mud and other matter clinging' to the surfaces ot the rollers so that the surface of' the road may be rolled smooth without elods ot material being removed therefrom and left clingingr to the roller surfaces. .ln addition to this the plates may he caused to act as brakes to aid in control'- ling the movement of the machine in going down hill. For the purpose of moving the so plates toward and from the surfaces of the rollers lf have provided air cylinders 85 suit# ably connected by means of piping 8G 'to an admission and exhaust valve 87 located in.l the cali ol the machine. This valve communiratiner in turn liv means of a. pipe 88 vvth the reservoir 47. The roller 77 at the rear of the machine is also provided with plates 89 which are pivoted at the. transverse edges of ihe 4frame 7l) and which are connected by 90 means of a link il() so as to briner each plate into engagement with the roller surfaces ivhen one oi' them is operated. For the pur'- pose oll operating these plates I have p rovided the same type ole mechanism above described for operating,T the plates S3, this'- mechanismA consisting of an air cylinder 91 suitably connected hy'means of a pipe92. with the admission and exhaust' valve 87 so that operation of the valve S7 n ot only con-y 10o trols operation of the plates' 83 butalso silnultaneously controls operation ofthe plates 89. In this way the surfaces of the ,rollers may be kept clean and the machine is provided with a series of powerful' brakes.- It 105 is pointed out. that the plates are so located with reference to the rolle-r surfaces that theyl epe-rate when the machine is goingeither torvva'rd or backward.

The steering?r mechanism for con-trolling 110 the movement et the steering' roller consists of an arm 93 secured to thc trame 79 cov;` eringthe roller T7 and extending forwardly' see Figs. 1. 7 and S. At the. forward end ot this arm a link ill is connected, the link' 1erey 115 tending transversely ot the machine and bef-.15

ing connected at its opposite end-with arde. pending arm 95 secured to` a shaft-96 cXf.- tending longitudinally of the machine and rotatively mounted in bearings 5)? attached i to the frameworkthereof. To tlleiorwardt.` end of the shaft. '96 is attaeheda gear seg' x ment 98, see Figs. 8 and l), which meshes with the teeth ot' a pinion 9S) secured to a short shaft. rotativelv mounted in bea-rf" 1225l ingil 101' and 109.- e-xtcndlng upwardly from and secured to a bed plate-103 mounted on the. frame of the machine. This shaftylOD is also provided Witha worm'gear 104 which" 4 meshes with a worm 105 rotatively moimted 13e'.

in a yoke 106 having its forked ends pivotally mounted in uprights 107 of the bearn ing 101. Atits forward end the yoke is provided with n n extension 108 to whidh is connected the piston rod 109 of an ope-rat'- ing cylinder 110, provided for pneumatic engngemenl. and disengagement of tlief"\vo1'1n and the worm wheel. is extended nt one end beyond the yoke and provided with a crank handle 1111 for manual rota tion thereof. The means for engaging and disengnging the Worm and the worm wheel and the reason for such an 'operation will he hereinafter Vmore fully set forth. Normally the Worm is in engagement with the wormavheel so that steering'move ment of the roller 77 may be had hy rotating the Worm by,.me'.1nsof the crank 111. Rotation of the crank in tilrn rotates the Worm, the worm Wheel, pinion 99, segment 98, shaft 96, arm 95, arm 93, and the roller 77.` Opposite rotation of the craik 111n moves the roller in the opposite direction. .Because of the worm and Worm gear connection the roller will be locked` against accidental dis-l placement from its adjusted positions. 'In order hop'ever, that the roller may be more quickly moved from one position to another, power driven mechanism is also employed. This pon-'ery driven mechanism consists of two cylinders 1 11 and 112 located on opposite sides ofthe'machine, the cylinders being connected by piston rods 113 with the arm 93 extending from the frame 79 of the roller 77. These cylinders are connected by means of pipin 114 with an admission and eX- haust vave 115 which not only controls the admission and exhaust of air in these cylinders, 'but also controls the admission and exhaust of air in the cylinder connected with the yoke 106 carrying the Worm, piping 116 being provided for this purpose. The admission of air to the valve is had through a pipe 117 leading from the reservoir 47. Since the worm 105 normally en gages the teeth of the Worm wheel 104 the roller 77 will be held 'against movement from one position to the opposite position thereof andy-,consequently any attempt to change its position by admitting air to one or the other of the cylinders 111 or 112, will result vinefectually to secure any movement i of the roller 77. For this reason the yoke 106 which lifts the worm from enga ement with the worm Wheel, together with t e cylinder v` 110 and its connection b meansv of piping 116 with the valve 115, is'provided.

The valve is so constructed that previous to 'the admission of air to one or the other of the cylinders 111 or 112, air is admitted to the' cylinder 110 .so4 as to causetheyoke 106 .to liftthe worm 104 from engagement with the Worm' Wheel. Immediately thereafter air is admitted to the desiredone of the c lindex-S111 or 112, the position of the'rol er The shaft of the Wol-nii 77 is shifted, and the worm is again restored to its normal position in enga'geme t with the Worm wheel to lock the roller in ts new position. The same thing occurs'when the position of the roller 77 is reversed. The interior of this valve is shown somewhat diagrammatically in Fi 10 to 12 inclusive. In these figures it wil be seenthat the valvee casing 117 is formed in a cup-like shapeza'ndy in its side anadinission ort 118-is'pr0r vided. In the bottom of t e casing a' port 119 which communicates with the pipin 116 leading to the cylinder 110 isprovde and ports 120 and 121'communieati'g vviritlh the piping 114 leading to the cylinders 111. and 112, are provided.' Formed centrally of the interior of the casing and located in the bottom thereof is the exhaust port 122 through which exhaust from the cylinders 110, 111 'and 112 is passed. The'pgm'ng and closing of these admission and'eggllaust ports is controlled by a movable valve themA ber 123 having an extension 124 which is provided with a passage 125 on its under accand a sector shaped portion 126 which is provided with a passage 127 communicat; ing 'with the passage 1.25'an'd formed `onthe under face of the sector 126. The passages 125 and 127 communicate with eachother and extend across the exhaust port 122, the ends of the passages extending overthe ad `mission ports .119, 120 and 121 of the cyl# port 119 is open to a1r pressure.- This causes 11e cylinder 110 to lift worm 105 from en agement with the worm gear 1041 In ad ition tothis it will be seenthat passa 127 is uncovering the port 121 of one o the cylinders-111 or 112 while port 12U'i`s being'na gradually uncovered to air pressure. Further movement of the movable member 123 causes the 122-. The Worm 105 having thus previously been raised from engagement wththe worm Wheel 104 before the ort 120 is'opened, the admission of air tot eport 120 will cause its connected cylinder to shift the L'position -of the steering roller-77 while the airzcon-' tained jn'its c'olperating cyl der will beexfhausted throu "the port. l 41,- the passage 127 andthe ex aust pgrt 1,22.' Upon return ort 119 toV bevcox'npletely, ex` Y, posed teatri-pressure as is also the port 120, -port 121 bengin the meantime brought into 12o -ull communication with the exhaust port of' the valve member 123 toits normal. posi of the steering roller. member to its normal position will again. .loch the roller' in its newly adgusted poen worm wheel and will permit of exhaust through the port 120 and admission through thev port 121 so to reverse the `position. M oienient of the tion.

The remainder of the machine consists of the mechanisms employed for controlling opera' von of the engine, such as a reversing Stephenson link motion diselo l, a throttle 129 which controls the adn'nssion of steam to theengine, an injector 13() and the air pump 44.8, all of these Ineclnniismsbeing located com'enientlyV for operation by" the en gineer of the nnichine.

In the operation of the niacliinc the serv ices of from two to three nien are necessary'. One man en'iployed as the engineer and is located in the `cab in a position accessible to the levers controlling the steering mecha nistn, the. forward and re'iferse movements of the engine, the injector, the air pump, the brakes and other devices with which the machine may be `provided for its general operation. 'At the front of the machine a man is preferably located on each side of the boiler in a position accessible to the hand levers 35, 59 and. 63, as well as to the valves 45. Eachj of these men eoi'itiols the positions of the roizlting tools, the distributing plates and the crowning plates by means of the mainial and power operating mecha.-

nisms provided therefor. lf the road to be i refii'xished is of .such a width that the nia-- chine can take care of one hall. of its surface, the machine will. be driven down one side of the road with the distributing plates set disclosed in Fig. 5 for pulling the roaterial loosened by the routers toward. the center of the road, the crowning plates 6 following the distributing plates in their act of distributing the material. These crowning plates smooth the redistributed material and the rollers having the contour of the crown desired, follow the smoothed material and :roll the surface until. the 1na terial is eompaetly pressed together. After a stretch. of roadhas been finished on one side, the :machine is `turnedand is. brought up along the other side of the road, the routers, the distributing plates, the crowning plates and the rollers again. performing their func tions successfully as just described. When the machine is thus operated along one side I of the road and yturned around and brought back on the other side of the road the distributing platesneed. not be reversed `in their positions. After a stretch of road has been renished on both sides 1t may be deslrable to roll the center ofthe road without plowing up the freshly rolled material. In this case the routing tools, and the distributing and crowning plates are lifted and-the machine is used as anordinary road roller. If it found desirable to` shift the position of the material of thel road surface so aste flatten the crownv thereof the position of the distributing plates maybe shifted to cause themto move the material awayfrom the center toward the sides of the road.. This may be desirable when the road surface is worn at the sides and when Jit is desired 'i S5 to place fresh material on the center of the road. Wl'iere the road is narrow enough to be taken care of by a single operation of the machine, that is where the machine is of substantially the same width as the road, two of the distributing plates 'may be adjusted to shift the' loosened material from the side toward thely center of the road and the oth he, adj ed to shift the material from the other side to the ceifiter of the road.

4It will. be seen that in my ,improved construction 1 not only 'provide for rolling the road surface to 4the crown desired, but I also liirovide construction in which the rollers are always on the newly made surface of the road, which surface being smooth will cause the routing tools, the distributing plates and the crowning plates, to move at a uniform` er two distributing plates may also center 4of the road. to replace the Worn out crown thereof. By such an operation the expei'ise entailed in providing new road Ina-y terial. overcome, the same material as exists in. the worn out road surface being iitilized to reconstruct the road in order to provide a new crown and rolled surface therefor.

Although I have illustrated a steam engine and boiler for furnishing thepower for my improved machine, .it will be undcr stood that any suitable source of power may be employed for operating `the various meehanisms described. Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. 1n a road 'building machine, the combination of a frame, plowing and distributing mechanisms mounted upon the front of the frame, a pair of rollers, each roller thereof being of' a form of a truncate of a cone, means for mounting one of each of said rollers upon opposite sides=of the frame' in the rear of said mechanism and'with their smaller ends inw rd, a roller of the form of 'a doubleggruncate of a cone, and means for mountirif'said 'roller centrally upon the frame in the rear of said pairof rollers.

2. In aroad buildin vmaehi/ nea the combination of avframe, owing,"distributing' and crowning mechanisms mounted upon the front of the frame, a air of rollers, each roller vthereof being oft e form -ofa trun cate of a cone, means for mounting one of each of said Arollers upon opposite` sides of the frame in the iearwo'f said mechanism and with their smaller Aends inward, a roller of the form of a double truncatgpf a cone, and,

means- Lfor mountin vsaid, roller centrally upon the frame in t e rear of said pair of rollers. *l*

3. In a froad buildin machinez the 'com- 'bination of a frame, p wing, distributing .and crownin mechanisms mounted upon the front of t eframe, the crowning mechanism consisting of transverse plates having their lower edges inwardly.' -rchedfav pair of rollers, each vroller thereof being of the form of atruncate of a cone, means for mounting one of each of said/rollers upon opposite sides of the frame in the rear of said mechanism and with their smaller ends inward, a roller in the form of a double truncate of a cone, and means for mounting said roller centrall u on the frame in the rear of said pair o 'ro lers.

4. In a road building machine,r the combination of a frame, plowing and distributing mechanisms mounted upon the front of the frame, a pair of rollers, each roller thereof bein means ormounting one of each of said rollers upon opposite sides of the frame in the rear-of said mechanism and with their smallerends inward7 a roller of the form of a double truncate of a cone, and means for mounting said roller centrally upon the frame'in the rear of said pair of rollers and adapted to act as a steering mechanism for the machine.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed 1916.

of a form of a truncate of a cone;

my name this 23rd day of ,I une, 

